References

1994
Trial Design
TLC Protocol — Version 9. TLC Investigators, 1994.
Google DOC
Environmental Exposure
Farfel MR, Chisolm JJ, Rohde CA. The longer-term effectiveness of residential lead paint abatement. Environ Res. 1994;66:217–221.
1995
Environmental Exposure
Farfel MR, Rohde CA, Lees PSJ, Rooney B, Bannon DL, Derbyshire W. Preliminary 12-Month Report of the Lead-Based Paint Abatement and Repair and Maintenance Study in Baltimore. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1995.
1996
Environmental Exposure
Farfel MR, Rohde C, Lees PSJ, Rooney B, Bannon DI, Derbyshire W. Lead-Based Paint Abatement and Repair and Maintenance Study in Baltimore: Pre-Intervention Findings. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1996.
1997
Trial Design
TLC Protocol — Version 10. TLC Investigators, Nov 1997.
TLC site (archived)
Environmental Exposure
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Lead-Based Paint Abatement and Repair and Maintenance Study in Baltimore: Findings Based on Two Years of Follow-Up. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1997. EPA 747-R-97-005.
1998
Trial Design
Treatment of Lead-Exposed Children Trial Group. The Treatment of Lead-Exposed Children trial: design and recruitment for a study of the effect of oral chelation on growth and development in toddlers. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1998;12(3):313–333. PMID: 9690266
Abatement
Battelle Memorial Institute. Review of Studies Addressing Lead Abatement Effectiveness: Updated Edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1998. EPA 747-B-98-001.
1999
Environmental Exposure
Rich DQ, Yiin LM, Rhoads GG, Glueck DH, Weisel C, Lioy PJ. A field comparison of two methods for sampling lead in household dust. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1999;9(2):106–112. PMID: 10321350
Environmental Exposure
Rhoads GG, Ettinger AS, Weisel CP, Buckley TJ, Goldman KD, Adgate J, Lioy PJ. The effect of dust lead control on blood lead in toddlers: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 1999;103(3):551–555.
Contamination
Rogan WJ, Ragan NB, Damokosh AI, Davoli C, Shaffer TR, Jones RL, et al. Recall of a lead-contaminated vitamin and mineral supplement in a clinical trial. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 1999;8(5):343–350. PMID: 15073911
Iron Status
Serwint JR, Damokosh AI, Berger OG, Chisolm JJ Jr, Gunter EW, Jones RL, et al. No difference in iron status between children with low and moderate lead exposure. J Pediatr. 1999;135(1):108–110. PMID: 10393615
Environmental Exposure
Yiin LM. Childhood lead exposure: effectiveness of cleaning intervention and influences of seasonality and home floor-surfacing types. [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University and UMDNJ; 1999.
2000
Safety & Efficacy
Treatment of Lead-Exposed Children Trial Group. Safety and efficacy of succimer in toddlers with blood lead levels of 20–44 μg/dL. Pediatr Res. 2000;48(5):593–599. PMID: 11044477
Safety & Efficacy
Dietrich KN, Berger OG, Bhattacharya A. Symptomatic lead poisoning in infancy: a prospective case analysis. J Pediatr. 2000;137(4):568–571. PMID: 11035840
Abatement
Farfel MR, Chisholm JJ, Orlova AO, Brophy M, Litt J. An extended study of interim lead hazard control methods employed in the Baltimore Clinical Center of the Treatment of Lead-Exposed Children trial. Washington, DC: U.S. HUD; 2000.
2001
CognitionPolicy
Rogan WJ, Dietrich KN, Ware JH, Dockery DW, Salganik M, Radcliffe J, et al. The effect of chelation therapy with succimer on neuropsychological development in children exposed to lead. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(19):1421–1426. PMID: 11346806
Policy
Henretig F. Lead poisoning prevention, not chelation. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2001;39(7):659–660. DOI: 10.1081/CLT-100108505
2002
Environmental Exposure
Ettinger AS, Bornschein RL, Farfel MR, Campbell C, Ragan NB, Rhoads GG, et al. Assessment of cleaning to control lead dust in homes of children with moderate lead poisoning: Treatment of Lead-Exposed Children trial. Environ Health Perspect. 2002;110(12):A773–A779. PMID: 12460817
Cognition
Liu X, Dietrich KN, Radcliffe J, Ragan NB, Rhoads GG, Rogan WJ. Do children with falling blood lead levels have improved cognition? Pediatrics. 2002;110(4):787–791. PMID: 12359796
Court
Pollak J. The Lead-Based Paint Abatement Repair and Maintenance Study in Baltimore: historic framework and study design. J Health Care Law Policy. 2002;6(1):89–108. PMID: 15017953
2003
Environmental Exposure
Campbell C, Schwarz DF, Rich DQ, Dockery DW. Effect of a follow-up professional home cleaning on serial dust and blood lead levels of urban children. Arch Environ Health. 2003;58(12):771–780. PMID: 15859512
Retention
Adubato S, Alper R, Heenehan MC, Rodriguez-Mayor L, Elsafty M. Successful ways to increase retention in a longitudinal study of lead-exposed children. Health Soc Work. 2003;28(4):312–315. PMID: 14679710
Cognition
Canfield RL, Henderson CR Jr, Cory-Slechta DA, Cox C, Jusko TA, Lanphear BP. Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 μg per deciliter. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(16):1517–1526. PMID: 12700371
Policy
Rogan WJ, Ware JH. Exposure to lead in children — how low is low enough? N Engl J Med. 2003;348(16):1515–1516. PMID: 12700370
2004
Cognition
Dietrich KN, Ware JH, Salganik M, Radcliffe J, Rogan WJ, Rhoads GG, et al. Effect of chelation therapy on the neuropsychological and behavioral development of lead-exposed children after school entry. Pediatrics. 2004;114(1):19–26. PMID: 15231903
Growth
Peterson KE, Salganik M, Campbell C, Rhoads GG, Rubin J, Berger OG, et al. Effect of succimer on growth of preschool children with moderate blood lead levels. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(2):233–237. PMID: 14754579
2005
Cognition
Chen A, Dietrich KN, Ware JH, Radcliffe J, Rogan WJ. IQ and blood lead from 2 to 7 years of age: are the effects in older children the residual of high blood lead concentrations in 2-year-olds? Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113(5):597–601. PMID: 15866769
Behavior
Chen A, Rogan WJ. Improving behavior of lead-exposed children: micronutrient supplementation, chelation, or prevention. J Pediatr. 2005;147(5):570–571. PMID: 16291342
2006
Blood Pressure
Chen A, Rhoads GG, Cai B, Salganik M, Rogan WJ. The effect of chelation on blood pressure in lead-exposed children: a randomized study. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114(4):579–583. PMID: 16581549
Cognition
Chen A, Schwarz D, Radcliffe J, Rogan WJ. Maternal IQ, child IQ, behavior, and achievement in urban 5–7 year olds. Pediatr Res. 2006;59(3):471–477. PMID: 16492992
2007
Behavior
Chen A, Cai B, Dietrich KN, Radcliffe J, Rogan WJ. Lead exposure, IQ, and behavior in urban 5–7 year olds: does lead affect behavior only by lowering IQ? Pediatrics. 2007;119(3):e650–e658. PMID: 17332184
Safety & Efficacy
Bhattacharya A, Shukla R, Auyang ED, Dietrich KN, Bornschein RL. Effect of succimer chelation therapy on postural balance and gait outcomes in children with early exposure to environmental lead. Neurotoxicology. 2007;28(3):686–695. PMID: 17499360
2009
Other Metals
Cao Y, Chen A, Radcliffe J, Dietrich KN, Jones RL, Caldwell KL, Rogan WJ. Postnatal cadmium exposure, neurodevelopment, and blood pressure in children at 2, 5, and 7 years of age. Environ Health Perspect. 2009;117(10):1580–1586. PMID: 20019909
2010
Other MetalsCognition
Cao Y, Chen A, Jones RL, Radcliffe J, Caldwell KL, Dietrich KN, Rogan WJ. Does background postnatal methyl mercury exposure in toddlers affect cognition and behavior? Neurotoxicology. 2010;31(1):1–9. PMID: 19969021
2011
Other MetalsSafety & Efficacy
Cao Y, Chen A, Jones RL, Radcliffe J, Caldwell KL, Peddada S, Rogan WJ. Efficacy of succimer chelation of mercury at background exposures in toddlers: a randomized trial. J Pediatr. 2011;158(3):480–485.e1. PMID: 20889164
Dose-Response
Mazumdar M, Bellinger DC, Gregas M, Abanilla K, Bacic J, Needleman HL. Low-level environmental lead exposure in childhood and adult intellectual function: a follow-up study. Environ Health. 2011;10:24. PMID: 21450073
2013
Policy
McKay CA. Role of Chelation in the Treatment of Lead Poisoning: Discussion of the Treatment of Lead-Exposed Children Trial (TLC). J Med Toxicol. 2013;9:339–343.
Other MetalsSafety & Efficacy
Cao Y, Chen A, Bottai M, Jones RL, Radcliffe J, Rogan WJ. The impact of succimer chelation on blood cadmium in children with background exposures: a randomized trial. J Pediatr. 2013;163(2):598–600. PMID: 23591107
2014
Other MetalsCognition
Wang Y, Chen A, Dietrich KN, Radcliffe J, Caldwell KL, Rogan WJ. Postnatal exposure to methyl mercury and neuropsychological development in 7-year-old urban inner-city children exposed to lead in the United States. Child Neuropsychol. 2014;20(5):527–538. PMID: 23971942
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